N-(alpha-oleoyloxypropionyl)piperidine



United States Patent I 3,407,205 N-(oz-OLEOYLOXYPROPIONYDPHPERIDINE Evald L. Skau, Robert M. Mod, and Frank C. Magne,

New Orleans, La., assignors to the United States of America as represented by the Secretary of Agriculture No. Drawing. Application Sept. 4, 1964, Ser. No.'394,636, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 260,923, Feb. 25, 1963. Divided and this application Apr. 13, 1965, Ser. No. 459,494

1 Claim. (Cl. 260-2943) v ABSTRACTOF THE DISCLOSURE This invention relates to a new compound, N-(a-oleoyloxypropionyl)piperidine, to some unique mixtures comprising N-(n-oleoyloxypropionyl)piperidine and to plastic compositions comprising polymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride resins and containing the above-mentioned piperidine as the plasticizer component. This piperidide is an efiicient primary solvent-type plasticizer for vinyl chloride plastics and imparts excellent low temperature properties to these plastics.

A non-exclusive, irrevocable, royalty-free license in the invention herein described, throughout the world for all purposes of the United States Government, with the power to grant sublicenses for such purposes, is hereby granted to the Government of the United States of America.

This application is a division of Serial No. 394,636, filed September 4, 1964 (now abandoned) which was a continuation-in-part of Serial No. 260,923, filed February 25, 1963, now U.S. Patent No. 3,219,612.

This invention relates to certain compounds which are N-acyl derivatives of cyclic imines, to some unique mixtures of N-acyl derivatives of cyclic imines, and to plastic compositions, the plasticizer component of which is at least one of the compounds or one of the unique mixtures that are the subject of this invention. More particularly, this invention relates to N,N-disubstituted long chain aliphatic amides the acyl component of which is a normal, branched or substituted alkenoic or alkanoic acyl containing from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, the amide nitrogen in all cases being a member of a heterocyclic ring or in the case of a fused ring system one of the heterocyclic rings, all of the other ring members being carbon or nitrogen atoms.

This invention, in addition, relates to certain other new amide plasticizers wherein the acyl component is derived from dibasic alkanoic acids; epoxidized alkanoic, alkenoic, or alkandioic acids; dimer acids; cycloalkanoic, cycloalkenoic, cycloalkandioic, or cycloalkendioic acids which acids contain from 10-18 carbon atoms and in which acids the unsatura tion if present may be in the cyclic group, the side chain, or both, such as the naphthenic, terpene-derived,.cyclized linoleic acids, and their epoxy derivatives.

This invention also relates to certain mixtures of the above-mentioned amides which individually or in combination with other mixtures of amides are compatible plasticizers for vinyl chloride resins.

- These compounds and the mixtures of these compounds are good, compatible, solvent-type plasticizers for polymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride resins. They are efficient, primary, solventtype plasticizers which can be made from low-price fatty acids. They impart excellent low-temperature properties, and good stability to northern-light exposure. Most important, they are characterized by their wide spectrum of anti-fungal and anti- 3,497,205 Patented Oct. 22, 1968 microbial activity and when used alone or in admixtures with other plasticizers, impart these valuable properties to vinyl chloride plastics.

The terms vinyl type resin and vinyl chloride resin are used throughout this specification and claims to refer to polymers and copolymers of monomers containing vinyl chloride in a predominant proportion by weight. Terms such as compatible, good compatibility, and compatible plasticizer in reference to the plasticizers which are the subject of this invention are used throughout th specification to refer to plasticizers that show no sign of exudation, migration to the surface, for at least two weeks when the plasticizers are present in the resin in proportions of about 70 parts by weight of plasticizer to parts by weight of resin.

Not only are the compounds that are the subject of this invention useful as plasticizers for vinyl chloride resins, but they are also applicable as softeners for Buna N rubber, a nitrile rubber also known commercially as Perbunan. The term, nitrile rubber, is well known in the synthetic elastomer art as referring to copolymers of acrylonitrile and butadiene in varying propertions. See Whitby et al., Synthetic Rubber (John Wiley & Sons; New York; 1954), pp. 794 and 795.

If a resin is plasticized with a compound. with which it has only limited compatibility, the plasticizer soon exudes or migrates to the surface unless the plasticizer is used either in a limited amount or is used in conjunction with a mutual solvent (a compatible auxiliary plasticizer) to obtain adequate compatibility.

It is known in the art that compounds similar to those which are the subject of this invention exhibit reasonably good compatibility for hydrophilic type resins but in order to obtain adequate flexibility must be employed together with a secondary or an auxiliary plasticizer as see for example U.S. Patent No. 2,339,056.

It would be expected from the recognized compatibility of compounds related to the type herein described with polyvinyl acetals (hydrophilic type resins), that these compounds would be quite incompatible with polymers of the vinyl chloride type. We have discovered, however, that not only are the particular compounds and compound mixtures herein described compatible as primary plasticizers with vinyl chloride resins but as we note above they are compatible with the hydrophilic type resins as Well.

Not only are the particular compounds and mixtures of compounds herein described compatible vinyl type resin plasticizers, but the instant invention is considerably broader in that it also contemplates the use of the compatible (compatible with respect to the particular resin involved) binary, ternary, or multiple component mixtures of N-acyl cyclic imines of mixed saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated acids such as can be derived from animal, fish, or vegetable fats and oils such as tallows, White greases, menhaden oil, cottonseed oil, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, Crambe abyssinica seed oil, cuphea seed oil, jojoba oil, parsley seed oil, Limnanthes douglasii seed oil, palm oil, Vernonia anthelmintica seed oil, castor oil, foots, or from tall oil acids or rosin acids, and other seed oils.

The N-acyl derivatives of this invention decrease in their degree of compatibility as the alkyl portion of the acyl group (if saturated) increases in chain length beyond 15 carbon atoms and they are incompatible when the chain length is 17 or more carbon atoms. In general, the compatibility of a mixture of N-acyl cyclic imines containing a considerable proportion of these less compatible or incompatible N-acyl cyclic imines can be improved by mixing with a compatible plasticizer or by reducing the proportion of the incompatible saturated constituent by such procedures as fractional distillation or fractional crystallization either before or after the amidation step in the preparation of the N-acyl cyclic imine mixture. Similarly, the N-acyl derivatives of this invention decrease in their degree of compatibility as the alkyl portion of the acyl group of the N-acyl derivative (if unsaturated) increases in unsaturation beyond monounsaturation. In general, the compatibility of such a polyunsaturated derivative or of a mixture of N-acyl cyclic imines containing such polyunsaturated acyls can be increased by mixing with a suitable amount of a compatible plasticizer or by decreasing the polyunsaturation of some or all of the polyunsaturated constituents either by physical means, such as fractionation, or by chemical means such as selective hydrogenation, cyanoethylation, halogenation, epoxidation, formylation, maleination, dimerization, cyclization, or the like either before or after the amidation step in the preparation of the N-acyl imine or N-(mixed acyl) cyclic imine. The specific component ratio of compatible compositions can be established according to the scheme set forth in our copending application Ser. No. 166,742 filed Jan. 15, 1962, now U.S. Patent 3,219,664. For example, all mixtures of the piperidide of linoleic acid (PL), i.e., N-linoleoylpiperidine, the piperidide of oleic acid (PO), and the piperidide of palmitic acid (PP), in which the weight fraction of PL is less than 35% are compatible plasticizers, the more important plasticizing characteristics of which can be predicted approximately from those of the individual piperidides and their weight proportions in the given mixture.

Also included among the operable N-acyl cyclic imines are those whose acyls are acyls such as the acyls of the folowing types of acids: monobasic and dibasic normal or branched chain alkanoic acids with substituents in the chain such as dichlorostearic acid; monoor dihydroxystearic acids; acyloxyacids such as 12-acetoxyoleic, 12- acetoxystearic, 9,10-diacetoxystearic, acylated ricinoleic, a-oleoyloxypropionic acid, and the like, 12-beta cyanoethoxyoleic and 12-cyanoethoxystearic acids and the like; ricinoleic acid; phenylstearic acid; phenoxystearic acid; mono-, di-, or tri-epoxy stearic acids; monoor diepoxy oleic acid; epoxydocosanoic acid; dimerized or trimerized linolenic, linoleic, or oleic acid, etc.; cyclic acids such as cyclized linoleic and/ or linolenic acids; Diels-Alder adducts of such polyenoic acids as tung oil acids or soybean acids; the Diels-Alder adducts of tung oil acids with di-alkyl maleates, alkyl acrylates, acrylonitrile, fumaronitrile and the like; tall oil acids; rosin-derived or terpenederived acids such as abietic, l-pimaric, pinonic, and the gamma-lactone of beta-hydroxyisopropyl pimelic acid; as well as the mono-alkyl esters of dibasic acids such as the monobutyl esters of pinic, adipic, sebacic, azelaic, brassylic, carboxystearic, phthalic, and terephthalic acids, or of phosphonated fatty acids such as dialkyl phosphonostearic acid, and the like.

Also included among the operable N-acyl cyclic imines are the di-imides of dibasic acids, such as N,N'-sebacoyldipiperidine, in which the dibasic acid moiety may be that of pinic, adipic, sebacic, azelaic, brassylic, carboxystearic, phthalic and terephthalic acids, or the like.

Also included are the N,N-diacyl cyclic di-imines wherein the acylating groups are the acyl groups of the forementioned acids and wherein the acylating groups may be the same or different acyls; such as N,N-didecanoylpiperazine, N-oleoyl N acetylpiperazine or N-epoxyerucoyl-N'-butanoylpiperazine.

Also included are the N-acyl-N'-alkyl or N-acyl-N'- carbalkoxy cyclic di-imines wherein the acyl groups are the acyl groups of the forementioned acids and wherein the alkyl or carbalkoxy group contains from 1-11 carbon atoms; such as N-lauroyl-N'-methylpiperazine, N-epoxystearoyl N methylpiperazine, N-oleoyl-N-carbethoxypiperazine or N-lauroyl-N'-hexanoxycarbonylpiperazine.

4 These are particularly effective as anti-microbial and antifungal agents.

Terms such as dimer acid, or dimerized acids are used indiscriminately to refer to acids or mixtures of acids consisting essentially of dibasic acids containing from 32 to 44 carbon atoms resulting from the polymerization or dimerization of long chain C to C unsaturated fatty acids. Terms such as trimer acid, or trimerized acids are used indiscriminately to refer to acids or mixtures of acids consisting essentially of tribasic acids containing from 48 to 66 carbon atoms resulting from the polymerization or trimerization of long chain C to C unsaturated fatty acids.

Also included in this invention are the corresponding N-acyl derivatives of the alkanol and polyalkanol cyclic imines wherein the alkanol group or alkanol groups are acylated by the same acyl group as, or by a different acyl group from, that acylating the imino nitrogen or wherein the alkanol group or alkanol groups are acylated by acyls containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms; or wherein the alkanol group or alkanol groups are etherified with an alkyl group containing from 1 to 8 carbon atoms; exemplified by such compounds as N-oleoyl-4-(2-oleoyloxyethyl)piperidine, N decanoyl-4-(omega decanoyloxyalkyl)piperidine, N oleoyl 4 (3 butanoyloxypropyl) piperidine, N-butanoyl-4- 3-oleoyloxypropyl) pi peridine, N-oleoyl 4 (2-ethoxyethyl)piperidine, and N-epoxy- =stearoyl-4-(2-butoxyethyl)piperidine and the like.

Also included among the operable N-acyl derivatives of this invention are the acyl derivatives of 3- to 7-membered substituted cyclic imines in which the substituents may include alkyl, aralkyl, aryl, hydroxy, acyloxy, alkoxyalkyl, cyano, cyanoalkyl, alkoxy, ester, or carbalkoxy groups or the like.

The compounds of the instant invention were tested in vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate (-5) copolymer resin (Vinylite VYDR, produced and marketed by the Bakelite Corporation) and in polyvinylchloride (Geon 101, produced and marketed by the B. F. Goodrich Chemical Company) in a standard formulation comprising: 63.5% of Vinylite VYDR or Geon 101, 35% plasticizer, 0.5% stearic acid, and 1.0% basic lead carbonate. This formulation for each sample was milled, molded, and tested. In all examples, the sample was rated as incompatible if the molded stock showed any evidence of exudation or migration to the surface during a shelf storage of two weeks.

The compounds that are the subject of this invention are conveniently prepared by reacting the appropriate imine, which in every case is a cyclic imine wherein the nitrogen atom is a member of either the ring or a member of one of the rings if a fused ring compound is involved, with the appropriate acid, acid chloride, or ester. In any event, methods for preparing compounds such as those herein described are well known to those skilled in the art of fatty acid chemistry. The details of individual preparations are listed in the operating examples which follow:

EXAMPLE 1 N-oleoylpiperidine Twenty-two and four-tenths grams (0.26 mole) of piperidine were dissolved in 60 milliliters of benzene and 39.7 grams (0.13 mole) of oleoyl chloride were added dropwise with stirring. After stirring for an additional hour, the reaction mixture was filtered, washed successively with dilute hydrochloric acid and water, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Free acid was removed by percolating the benzene solution through a column of activated alumina and eluting the amide with a 1:1 ethanol-benzene mixture. The solvent was then removed by stripping under reduced pressure. Analysis of the product, N-oleoylpiperidine: C, 78.15% (theory 78.95); H, 12.07% (theory 12.40); N, 4.04% (theory 4.04).

EXAMPLE 2 N-oleoylhexamethylenimine -N -oleoyl-2-methylpiperidine A mixture of 31.6 grams (0.32 mole) of Z-methylpiperidine, 60 grams (0.21 mole) of oleic acid, and milliliters of benzene was" refiuxedin'a'n apparatus equipped with a Dean-Stark trap until .the evolution of water ceased. The reaction mixture was diluted with 150 milliliters 'of commercial hexane, washed successively with dilute hydrochloric acid and water, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Free acid was removed by percolating the hexane solution through a column of activated alumina, and eluting the amide with a 1:1 hexane-ethanol mixture. The solvent was removed by stripping under reduced pressure. Analysis of the product, N-oleoyl-Z- methylpiperidine: C, 78.87% (theory 79.20); H, 12.13% (theory 12.47 );N,'3.'86% (theory3.85).

I .EXAMPLE 4 N-oleoyl-3-methylpiperidine N-oleoyl-3=methylpiperidine Was prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from 31.6 grams (0.32 mole) of 3-metliylpiperidine, and 60 .grams (0.21 mole) of oleic acid. Analysis of the product, N-oleoyl-3-methylpiperidine: C, 79.03% (theory 79.20); H, 12.30% (theory 12.47); N, 3.89% (theory 3.85).

7 EXAMPLE 5 A N-oleoyl-4-methylpiperidine N-oleoyl-4-methylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of'Example 3 from 31.6 grams (0.32 mole) of .4-methylpiperidine and 60 grams (0.21 mole) oleic acid. Analysis of the product, N-oleoyl-4-methylpiperidine: C, 78.80% (theory 79.20); H, 12.08% (theory 12.47); N, 3.86% (theory 3.85). i

' EXAMPLE 6 -N oleoyl-4-ethylpiperidine A N-oleoyl-4 ethylpiperidine was prepared by the proc'edur'eof Example 3 from 14.4 grams (0.13 mole) of .4-ethylpiperidine and grams (0.11 mole) of oleic acid. Analysisof the product, N-oleoyl-4-ethylpiperidine: C, 79.17% (theory 79.45); H, 12.62% (theory 12.45); N, 3.75% (theory 3.71)

' .EXAMPLE 7 N-oleoyl-4-nonylpiperidine N-oleoyl-4-nonylpiperidine was prepared by the pro- 79.51% (theory 79.66); H, 12.40% (theory 12.51); N, 3.79% (theory 3.85).

EXAMPLE 9 Piperidide of selectively hydrogenated cottonseed oil fatty acids The piperidide of selectively hydrogenated cottonseed oil fatty acids were prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from 18.6 grams (0.22 mole) of piperidine and 40 grams (0.14 mole) or selectively hydrogenated cottonseed oil fatty acids. (The selectively hydrogenated cottonseed oil fatty acids had an iodine value of 73.2, a thiocyanogen value of 68.0, and a neutralization equivalent of 274.) The product, the piperidides of selectively hydrogenated cottonseed oil fatty acids, had a nitrogen content of 4.08%.

EXAMPLE 10 Piperidide of animal acids The piperidide of animal acids (Neofat No. was prepared'by the procedure of Example 3 from 18.6 grams (0.22 mole) of piperidine and 40 grams (0.15 mole) of Neofat 65. (The animal acids consisted of a mixture of fatty acids having the following composition: 2% myristic, 26% palmitic, 16% stearic, 48% oleic, and 8% linoleic acids). The product, the piperidine of animal acids, had a nitrogen content of 3.95%.

EXAMPLE 11 N-oleoylpyrrolidine N-oleoylpyrrolidine was. prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from 15.1 grams (0.21 mole) of pyrrolidine and 40 grams (0.14 mole) of oleic acid. Analysis of the product, N oleoylpyrrolidine: C, 77.81% (theory 78.67%); H, 12.11% (theory 12.32%); N, 4.30% (theory 4.17%). s

EXAMPLE 12 N-oleoyl-1, 2,3 ,4-tetrahydroquinoline N oleoyl 1,2,3,4 tetrahydroquinoline .was prepared from 15 grams (0.11 mole) of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline, 35 grams (0.11- mole) of oleoyl chloride, and 9.2 grams (0.11 mole) of pyridine by the procedure of Example 1, except that the free unreacted acidwas removed by Washing With 4% alcoholic KOH followed by water washings. Analysis of the product N-oleoyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline: C, 80.89% (theory 81.48% H, 10.91% (theory 10.81%); N, 3.31% (theory 3.52%).

' EXAMPLE is N-oleoyl-2,6-dimethylpiperidine N-oleoyl-2,6-dimethylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 1 from 30.1 grams (0.27 mole) of 2,6-dimethylpiperidine, and 40 grams (0.13 mole) of oleoyl chloride. Analysis of the product, N-oleoyl-2,6-dimethylpiperidine: C, 79.19% (theory 79.12%); H, 12.43% (theory 12.30%); N, 3.74% (theory 3.72%).

EXAMPLE 14 N-oleoylcarbazole 7 EXAMPLE 1s N-oleoyl-3-azabicyclo[3,2,2]nonane was prepared by the procedure of Example 12 from 12.5 grams (0.10 mole) of 3-azabicyclo[3,2,2]-nonane, grams (0.10 mole) of oleoyl chloride, and 8 grams (0.10 mole) of pyridine. Analysis of the product, n-oleoyl-3-azabicyclo[3,2,2]nonane C, 79.20% (theory 80.09%); H, 11.95% (theory 12.06%); N, 3.40% (theory 3.60%).

EXAMPLE 16 N-palmitoylpiperidine N-palmitoylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from 19 grams (0.22 mole) of piperidine and grams (0.15 mole) of palmitic acid. Analysis of the product, N palmitoylpiperidine: C, 78.02% (theory 77.88%); H, 12.70% (theory 12.77%); N, 3.89% (theory 4.33

EXAMPLE 17 N,N-sebacoyldipiperidine EXAMPLE 18 N-stearoylpiperidine N-stearoylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from 27 grams (0.32 mole) of piperidine and grams (0.16 mole) of stearic acid. Analysis of the product, N stearoylpiperidine: C, 78.50% (theory 78.49% H, 12.75% (theory 12.90% N, 3.96% (theory 3.98%

EXAMPLE 19 Piperidide of dimer acid (Empol 1014) The piperidide of dimer acid was prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from 18.3 grams (0.22 mole) of piperidine and 40 grams (0.07 mole) of dimer acid (Empol 1014). The product, the piperidide of dimer acid, had a nitrogen content of 3.98%.

EXAMPLE 20 Mixed piperidides of oleic acid This was a physical mixture consisting of 3.6% by weight of the sample of Example 3, 46.4% by weight of the sample of Example 4, 35.7% by weight of sample of Example 5, and 14.3% of the sample of Example 13.

EXAMPLE 21 N-erucoylpiperidine N-erucoylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from 11.1 grams (0.13 mole) of piperidine and 40 grams (0.12 mole) of erucic acid. Analysis of the product, N erucoylpiperidine: C, 79.84% (theory 79.86% H, 12.61% (theory 12.67%); N, 3.48% (theory 3.41%

EXAMPLE 22 N-decanoyl-4-nonylpiperidine N-decanoyl-4-nonylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from 53 grams (0.25 mole) of 4- nonylpiperidine and 40 grams (0.23 mole) of decanoic acid. Analysis of the product, N-decanoyl-4-nonylpiperi dine: C, 78.69% (theory 78.78%); H, 12.90% (theory 12.96%); N, 3.76% (theory 3.83%).

8 EXAMPLE 23 N-epoxystearoylpiperidine N-epoxystearoylpiperidine was prepared by epoxidation of N-oleoylpiperidine using perbenzoic acid. The product, N-epoxystearoylpiperidine had an oxirane oxygen content of 4.49%

EXAMPLE 24 Piperidide of rapeseed oil fatty acids The piperidide of rapeseed oil fatty acids was prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from 18.5 grams (0.22 mole) of piperidine and 60 grams (0.20 mole) of rapeseed oil fatty acids. The product, the piperidide of rapeseed oil fatty acids, had a nitrogen content of 3.56%.

EXAMPLE 25 N,N'-dioleoyl-dipiperidinomethane N,N'-dioleoyl-dipiperidinomethane was prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from 18.1 grams (0.10 mole) of dipiperidinomethane and grams (0.18 mole) of oleic acid. Analysis of the product, N,N-dioleoyl-dipiperidinomethane: C, 78.52% (theory 79.30%); H, 12.14% (theory 12.19%); N, 3.94% (theory 3.94%).

EXAMPLE 26 N-oleoyl-4 S-nonyl) piperidine N-oleoyl-4(5-nonyl)piperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from 41.1 grams (0.19 mole) of 4-(5-nonyl)piperidine and 50 grams (0.18 mole) of oleic acid. Analysis of the product, N-oleoyl-4(5-nonyl)piperidine: C, 80.62% (theory 80.70%); H, 12.80% (theory 12.80%); N, 2.99% (theory 2.90%).

EXAMPLE 27 Mixed piperidides of oleic acid Mixed piperidides of oleic acid was prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from grams (0.42 mole) of mixed piperidines (commercial lay-product mixture of alkyl piperidines) and 100 grams (0.3 5 mole) of oleic acid. The product, the mixed piperidides of oleic acid, had a nitrogen content of 3.63%.

EXAMPLE 28 N,N-dioleoylpiperazine N,N'-dioleoylpiperazine was prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from 9.2 grams (0.11 mole) of piperazine and grams (0.21 mole) of oleic acid. Analysis of the product, N,N-dioleoylpiperazine: percent C, 77.77 (theory 78.04); percent H, 12.12 (theory 12.13); percent N, 4.64 (theory 4.55).

EXAMPLE 29 N-oleoyl-N-methylpiperazine N-oleoyl-N'-methylpiperazine was prepared by the procedure of Example 1 from 23.3 grams (0.23 mole) of N-methylpiperazine and 35.0 grams (0.12 mole) of oleoyl chloride. Analysis of the product, N-oleoyl-N-methylpiperazine: percent C, 74.46 (theory 75.70); percent H, 11.63 (theory 12.07); percent N, 7.43 (theory 7.68).

EXAMPLE 30 N,N-didecanoylpiperazine N,N'-didecanoylpiperazine was prepared by the procedure of Example 17 from 13.8 grams (0.16 mole) of piperazine and 60.2 grams (0.35 mole) of decanoic acid. Analysis of the product, N,N-didecanoylpiperazine: percent C, 73.15 (theory 73.09); percent H, 11.68 (theory 11.75); percent N, 7.07 (theory 7.09).

EXAMPLE 31 Piperidide of cottenseed oil 'fatty acids pany) softeners. The formulation employed was as follows:

Parts/100 Percent pagsg of I'll er The piperidine of cottonseed oil fatty acids was prepared by the procedure of Example 3 from 18.6 grams g g gfi 3 acrymmtme) (0.22 mole) of piperidine and 40 grams (0.14 mole) of Zinc oxide 2.6 5.0 cottonseed Oil fatty acids. The product, the piperidide gffi gg fi II of cottonseed oil fatty acids, had a nitrogen content of Accelerator 0. 79 1.5 3.94%. Softener 10.6 20.0

' EXAMPLE 32 These compositions were'cured [for 30 minutes at 310 =F. None showed any signs of exudation in da s. The

l l T bl 111 h h :1 N 1ino1eo 1 i eridine eva ution resu ts are given in aew 10 so iny p p 15 cludes the results :for the control, di=butylsebacate (DBS). i. 1 o l d 1) th a Examples of Vinylite VYDR resin plasticizer with the E i g gp p 'o Was lg glg 1 Y f P fs, 39d N-Ole OYIPIPGIIdIIIC of Example 1, the IfI-oleoyl-Z-methyl- 6522:. (a? mist;tttatzaaatas. 3, of acid 0 xamp e and t e -o coy -2, imethylpiperi- $5 25 i IiFYi1; g; t g 1 1 f fi g g dine of Example 13, respectiyely, were subjected to P 0 V Perm?n standard soil-burialtests using similar samples of VYDR (theory resin plasticized with N-oleoylmorpholinc as controls. The samples 01:: Examples q mcluslveg were After 29 days localized areas of discoloration indicating evaluated as Plastlclzers for Vmyhte VY'DR resin and microbial attack appeared in the control. None of the the g of Examples and 16 were Ya1uated as other specimens showed any signs of discoloration after plasticizers for Geon 101 using the afore-described formu- 56 days After 85 days the samples plasticized with lations. The results are reported in Table I which includes olfioylpiperidine and N oleoyl 2 methylpiperidine were thergesults fcir di-g-gthylhelxylphtgialatg 93oF) as c i i completely discolored, the sample plasticized with the o H 1 2 5;; w fi g mixed piperidides of oleic acid showed only localized disas mm 6 m er year a K Om e er coloration, and the sample PlaStICIZ Gd with N-oleoyl-2,6- made and Sold by the Goodnch Chemlcal dimethyl iperidine showed no signs of discoloration.

I p I e e n I Improved light stability and thermal stability can be r attained by inclusion of suitable stabilizers and/or antioxidants in the resin-plasticizer formulation. 3 The soapy water extraetability can be reduced by the use of additives suchas hydrocarbon extenders.

TABLE I Example Tensile 100% Elongation, Brittle Volatility Compat- N Plastioizer strength, modulus, percent point, C. loss, percent ibility 1 p.s.i. p.s.i.

1 N-oleoylpiperidine. 2,670 1,170 300 -47 0 1 N'oleoylpiperidine 2,990 1, 400 330 -41 C 2 N-oleoylhexamethylenimine. 2,650 1,300 350 -49 C 3- N-oleoyl-Z-methylpiporidiiie 2,470 1,240 310 +39 C 4. Noleoyl-8-methylpiperidine 2,500 1,170 330 43 0 5 N-oleoyl-4-methylpipei'idiiie 2,520 1, 240 310 -48 C 6. N-oleoyl-4-ethylpiperidine 2,760 1', 280 390 -45 C 7. N-oleoyl-4-nonylpiperidine. 2,780 1,700 330 51 C- 8. N-oleoyl 2-methyl-5-ethylpiperidine 2,870 1,340 380 37 O 9 Piperidide of hydrogenated cottonseed oil fatty id 2, 660 1, 220 370 -45 C 2, 710 i, 180 370 -39 0 2,400 900 370 -47 0 2, 990 1, 470 350 39 0 00 N-oleoyl-3-azabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane. 3,000 1,580 310 C 16 N-palmitoylpiperidine 2,680 1,160 350 35 C 16 N-palmitoylplperidine 2,840 1,300 350 37 0 17 N,N-sebacoyldipiperidirie 3,040 1,650 380 +7 0 18 N-stearoylpiperidine 2,770 1, 290 360 -29 I 19 Piperidide of dimer acid (Empol1014)- 3,190 2,630 180 -3 0 '20.. Mixed piperidides of oleic acid 2, 730 1,290 350 -43 C 21.. N-erucoylpiperidine 2,890 1,380 400 --49 .0 22 N -decanoyl-4-nonylpiperidine 2,880 1,350 390 39 C 23 N-epoxystearoylpiperidine 2,810 1,180 340 21 O i 24 Piperidide of rapeseed oil fatty acids- 2, 750 1,300 340 -53 G 25 N,N-dloleoyl-dipi eridiriomethane 2,840 1,190 390 49 (1 26 N -oleoyl-4(5-nonyl ,piperidine..- 2,990 1,750 340 39 C 27 Mixed piperidides oi oleic acid 5 2,910 1,380 370 -43 (J N,N-di0leoylpiperazine 1,330 380 --37 I N-o1eoy1-N-methylpiper 1, 810 280 -43 I N,N -didecanoylpiperazine 1, 770 250 23 I Plperidide oi cottonseed oil 1, 200 330 45 C N-liiioleoylpipei'idine. I Piperidide of mixed aci C Piperidide of mixed acids C Piperidide of mixed acids C Piperidide of mixed acids 9 C Di 2ethylhexylphthalate (control 1, 690 330 33 1. 99 O l C Compatible, I= Incompatible.

2 Using poly(vinyl chloride) homopolymer instead of Vmyhte VYDR resin.

3 2% myristic acid, 26% palmitic acid, 16% stearic acid, 48% oleic acid, and 8% linoleic acid.

4 Mixture of 3.6%, 46.4%, 35.7%, and 14.3% by weight of samples of Examples 3, 4, 5, and 13, respectively.

5 Made from a commercial lay-product mixture of alkyl pipcridincs.

fi Mixture of 60% and by weight of the samples of Examples 16 and 32, respectively. 7 Mixture of 32.5%, 32.5%, and 35.0% by weight of the samples of Examples 1, 16, and 32, respectively.

Mixture of 30%, 30%, and 407 by weight of the samples of Examples 1, 16, and 32, respectively.

9 Mixture of 27.5%, 27.5%, and by weight 01 the samples of EX- amplcs 1, 16, and 32, respectively.

TABLE II 300% Modulus, p.s.i. Tensile strength, p.s.i. Ultimate elongation, Exi rngplo percent Hagdneii Brittl o(J Volatibility, Swelling,

. ore oint, rc nt Unaged Aged Unaged Aged Unaged Aged D De percent EXAMPLE 37 EXAMPLE 43 N-decanoyl-2-methylpiperidine 10.4 grams (0.10 mole) of 2-rnethylpiperidine were dissolved in 60 ml. of benzene and 10 grams (0.05 mole) of decanoyl chloride were added dropwise with stirring. After stirring for an additional hour, the reaction mixture was filtered, washed successively with dilute hydrochloric acid and water, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate. Free acid was removed by percolating the benzene solution through a column of activated alumina and eluting the amide with a 1:1 ethanolbenzene mixture. The solvent was then removed by stripping under reduced pressure. Analysis of the product, N-decanoyl-Z-methylpiperidine: percent C, 75.14 (theory 75.78); percent H, 12.20 (theory 12.31); percent N, 5.45 (theory 5.52).

EXAMPLE 38 N-decanoyl-3-methylpiperidine N-decanoyl-3-methylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from 11.9 grams (0.12 mole) of 3-methylpiperidine and 10 grams (0.05 mole) of decanoyl chloride. Analysis of the product, N-decanoyl-3- methylpiperidine: percent C, 75.01 (theory 75.78); percent H, 11.93 (theory 12.31); percent N, 5.39 (theory 5.52).

EXAMPLE 39 N-decanoyl-4-methylpiperidine N-decanoyl-4-methylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from 11.9 grams (0.12 mole) of 4-methylpiperidine and 10 grams (0.05 mole) of decanoyl chloride. Analysis of the product, N-decanoyl-4- methyl piperidine: percent C, 75.35 (theory 75.78); percent H, 12.20 (theory 12.31); percent N, 5.42 (theory 5.52).

EXAMPLE 40 N-decanoyl-4-ethylpiperidine N-decanoyl-4-ethylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from 5.9 grams (0.05 mole) of 4-ethylpiperidine, 4.2 grams (0.05 mole) pyridine and 10 grams (0.05 mole) of decanoyl chloride. Analysis of the product, N-decanoyl-4-ethylpiperidine; percent C, 75.69 (theory 76.29); percent H, 12.8 (theory 12.44); percent N, 5.10 (theory 5.24).

EXAMPLE 41 N-decanoyl-2-propylpiperidine N-decanoyl-2-propylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from 6.7 grams (0.05 mole) of of 4-ethylpiperidine, 4.2 grams (0.05 mole) of pyridine and 10 grams (0.05 mole) of decanoyl chloride. Analysis of the product, N-decanoyl 4 ethylpiperidine: percent C, 76.57 (theory 76.78); percent H, 12.50 (theory 12.54); percent N, 4.82 (theory 4.98).

EXAMPLE 42 N-decanoyl-4-propylpiperidine N-decanoyl-4-propylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from 6.7 grams (0.05 mole) of 4-propylpiperidine, 4.2 grams (0.05 mole) of pyridine and 10 grams (0.05 mole) of decanoyl chloride. Analysis of the product, N-decanoyl-4-propylpiperidine: percent C, 76.35 (theory 76.78); percent H, 12.50 (theory 12.54); percent N, 4.82 (theory 4.98).

N-decanoyl-2-(5-nonyl) piperidine N-decanoyl-Z-(S-nonyl)piperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from 11.1 grams (0.05 mole) of 2-(5-nonyl)piperidine, 4.2 grams (0.05 mole) of pyridine and 10 grams (0.05 mole) of decanoyl chloride. Analysis of the product, N-decanoyl-2-(5-nonyl)piperidine: percent C, 78.59 (theory 78.78); percent H, 12.70 (theory 12.96); percent N, 3.75 (theory 3.83).

EXAMPLE 44 N-decanoyl-2,6-dimethylpiperidine N-decanoyl-2,6-dimethylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from 5.94 grams (0.05 mole) of 2,6-dimethylpiperidine, 4.2 grams (0.05 mole) of pyridine and 10 grams (0.05 mole) of decanoyl chloride. Analysis of the product, N-decanoyl-2,6-dimethylpiperidine: percent C, 75.95 (theory 76.29); percent H, 12.38 (theory 12.44); percent N, 5.14 (theory 5.24).

EXAMPLE 45 N-decanoyl-Z-methyl-5-ethy1piperidine N decanoyl-Z-methyl-S-ethylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from 13.4 grams (0.10 mole) of 2-methyl-5-ethylpiperidine and 10 grams (0.05 mole) of decanoyl chloride. Analysis of the product, N- decanoyl-2-methyl-S-ethylpiperidine: percent C, 76.49 (theory 76.81); percent H, 12.59 (theory 12.55); percent N, 4.98 (theory 4.98).

EXAMPLE 46 N-decanoyl-Z-benzylpiperidine N-decanoyl-2-benzylpiperidine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from 9.2 grams (0.05 mole) of Z-benzylpiperidine, 4.2 grams (0.05 mole) of pyridine and 10 grams (0.05 mole) of decanoyl chloride. Analysis of the product, N decanoyl 2 benzylpiperidine: C, 80.13% (theory 80.19%); H, 10.73% (theory 10.72%); N, 4.16% (theory 4.26%).

EXAMPLE 47 N-decanoyl-4-benzylpiperidine EXAMPLE 48 N-decanoyl-3-aza-bicyclo [3 2 2] nonane N-decanoyI-3-aza-bicyclo [3 2 2] nonane was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from 6.6 grams (0.05 mole) of 3-aza-bicyclo[3-2-2]nonane, 4.2 grams (0.05 mole) of pyridine and 10 grams (0.05 mole) of decanoyl chloride. Analysis of the product, N-decanoyl-3-azabicyclo[3-2-2]nonane: C, 72.82% (theory 77.32%); H, 10.95% (theory 11.81%); N, 4.89% (theory 5.02%).

EXAMPLE 49 N-oleoyl-N'-carbethoxypiperazine N-olcoyl-N'-carbethoxypiperazine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from 18.4 grams (0.12 mole) 13 of ethyl N-piperazinocarboxylate, 9.2 grams (0.12 mole) of pyridine and 35 grams (0.12 mole) of oleoyl chloride. Analysis of the product, N oleoyl-4-carbethoxypiperazine: C, 70.12% (theory 70.99%); H, 10.85% (theory 10.88% N, 6.40% (theory 6.63%).

EXAMPLE 50 N- (u-oleoyloxypropionyl pi peridine 100 grams (1.17 mole) of piperidine and 69.4 grams (0.59 mole) of ethyl lactate was refluxed for 12 hours at a temperature just suflicient to liberate the ethanol formed. After the excess piperidine had been stripped under reduced pressure, the product N-lactoylpiperidine was obtained by vacuum distillation, solution in ether and percolation through a column of activated alumina. The solvent was then removed by stripping under reduced pressure. 27.5 grams (0.17 mole) of N-lactoylpiperidine and 13.9 grams (0.18 mole) of pyridine were dissolved in 100 ml. of benzene. Then 57.9 grams (0.19 mole) of oleoyl chloride were added dropwise with stirring. After stirring for an additional hour, the reaction mixture was filtered, washed successively with dilute hydrochloric acid and water, and dried over sodium sulfate. Free acid was removed by percolating the ben- Zeno solution through a column of activated alumina and eluting the amide with a 1:1 ethanol-benzene mixture. The solvent was removed by stripping under reduced pressure. Nitrogen content of the product, N-(a-oleoyloxyprpionyl)piperidine, was 3.3% (theory 3.32).

EXAMPLE 51 N-oleoyl-Z-ethylethylenimine N-oleoyl-Z-ethylethylenimine was prepared by the procedure of Example 37 from 9.5 grams (0.13 mole) of 14 2-ethylethylenimine, 13.5 grams (0.13 mole) of triethylamine and grams (0.13 mole) of oleoyl chloride. Nitrogen content of the product, N-oleoyl-Z-ethylethylenimine, 3.93% (theory 4.17). This novel amide was not compatible as a primary plasticizer.

EXAMPLE 52 The compounds of Examples 37 to 50, inclusive, were tested in vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate (-5) copolymer resin (Vinylite VYDR) in a standard formulation comprising: 63.5% of Vinylite VYDR, 35% plasticizer, 0.5% stearic acid, and 1.0% basic lead carbonate. This formulation for each sample was milled, molded, and tested. In these tests, the sample was rated as incompatible if the molded stock showed any evidence of exudation or migration to the surface during a shelf storage of two weeks.

Each of these novel products described in Examples 37 to 50, inclusive, proved to be compatible, primary plasticizers.

We claim:

1. N-(a-oleoyloxypropionyl)piperidine.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,904,550 9/ 1959 Pohland 260-2943 3,042,679 7/ 1962 Clark 260-2943 3,219,659 11/1965 Skau et al. 260294.3

HENRY R. JILES, Primary Examiner.

R. T. BOND, Assistant Examiner. 

